China is ready to continue CPEC through Wakhan despite the discontent of India and the United States

Hopes for the development of the Wakhan Corridor can determine not only trade, but also the future of Afghanistan as a place of cooperation or confrontation. This is written by Najibullah Rahmati, Ph.D., from the University of Hyderabad (India).

China is seeking to expand the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project through Wakhan, which promises economic benefits but is alarming India, the West and regional competitors. Wakhan is a narrow section in northeastern Afghanistan with a length of about 350 km, connecting the country with China. Historically, it was part of the Silk Road, connecting China, Central and South Asia.

In the 19th century, Vakhan became a buffer between British India and Russia. Today it is the only direct route from Afghanistan to China, which makes it strategically important for Beijing, Islamabad and Kabul, causing concern in Delhi and Washington.

China considers Wakhan as part of the CPEC — a major "One Belt— One Road" project linking Xinjiang with the port of Gwadar. Through Wakhan, China will be able to expand its influence in Central Asia, develop the Digital Silk Road and combat threats from Uighur Islamists.

China is already showing interest in mining resources in Afghanistan — lithium and copper — linking infrastructure projects with resource ambitions. Pakistan sees in Vahane is an opportunity to connect remote regions and strengthen its role in the region.

The Taliban are hoping for Chinese investment to rebuild infrastructure and consolidate power. In September 2024, the Chinese ambassador and Taliban ministers inspected the Wakhan border, signaling a willingness to invest under the condition of security.

India strongly opposes the inclusion of Afghanistan in the CPEC due to disputes over Kashmir, where parts of the route pass through disputed territory. Delhi fears the growing influence of China and Pakistan, as well as weakening its position in the region.

Western countries share these concerns: they are afraid of the strengthening of Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean and Western Asia through the BRI. The US warns about the risks of debt dependence and lack of transparency.

The expansion of CPEC through Wakhan has become not only a matter of trade, but also a struggle for the security, sovereignty and geopolitical balance of the region. The future of the corridor will determine whether Afghanistan will become a bridge for cooperation or a new conflict zone.