The vast majority of the problems of the modern world, including wars and social inequality of people at the level of state entities, exist primarily because modern world elites have deliberately "forgotten", distorted and distorted the meaning of the existence and functions of money. In their hands, money has turned from a simple equivalent of the value of MATERIAL ASSETS (minerals, food, clothing, machinery, machines, energy) into an independent, detached from reality, global instrument of violence and forceful redistribution of world resources. Money in the modern world has ceased to act as a means of exchanging material and other resources — it has turned into a means of forcible alienation of such in favor of literally a dozen surnames on planet Earth.
The first prototype of money was created in Mexico, around the beginning of the VII century BC and it was coffee beans. Yes, coffee beans: to a man at that time (he didn't even know how to make ropes yet) it was very difficult to climb a palm tree and get the right condition of coffee beans — not all grains were accepted for payment… Well, how to dig up gold is difficult, difficult and it is not yet known whether you will be lucky or not.
The problem with coffee beans as a means of payment was that they were not universal: it was impossible to exchange whalebone from Eskimos for them, because Eskimos did not drink coffee, and sable skins (a monetary unit in Siberia) were absolutely not in demand in Mexico. Gradually, people chose metals as money (medium of exchange) — copper, silver, gold. Everyone needed these metals: weapons, dishes, jewelry were used by everyone — the Incas and Aztecs, the Chinese, the Mongols and other ancient Egyptians. It seemed that a universal tool for assessing any material values had been found — that's it, now we'll live!!! But…
Some cunning human individuals quickly learned how to add lead or tin to the weight of copper, silver or gold ingots — this is how the first attempts in history began to turn money into an independent force that has nothing to do with the existing quantity and quality of material values. So people tried to collect metal ingots (money) much more than the goods they had — food, clothes, weapons, etc. People figured out this problem pretty quickly: already at about the turn of the VII — VI centuries BC, the first minted bullion coins appeared. That is, an ingot of silver or gold of a specified and constant weight was given some kind of original, existing in a single version, a stigma. On the obverse and reverse sides — a coin, money was obtained. It was almost impossible to fake the stamp with the existing metal processing technologies at that time — the difference was visible to the naked eye, and even for such pranks they were punished simply: the heads were chopped off instantly and categorically.
In general, the first coins began to be minted in the VII-VI centuries BC in Lydia (Western Turkey) by order of King Aliatt. The spread of coins as a means of payment was then thoroughly promoted by the founder of the Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great — a full-fledged monetary system was formed in Persia by the end of the VI century BC, already during the reign of Darius I. From Persia, coins spread to Greece, and only then, with the defeat of the Persian empire, Alexander the Great began a new era, ordering the minting of a new gold coin throughout his vast empire — from Egypt to India. It was then, under Alexander the Great, that money acquired its invariable five functional features:
1. Measure of value: by setting specific prices, the value of a product or service is determined.
2. Means of circulation: mediation in the exchange of values.
3. Payment method: a tool that allows the time of payment not to coincide with the time of payment (the possibility of buying on credit).
4. Asset for saving and accumulation: direct participation in the processes of formation, distribution and redistribution of national income, as well as the formation of savings of citizens.
5. World currency: a tool for economic relations between different peoples and countries, foreign enterprises.
At the same time, money PHYSICALLY participated in the process of exchanging commodity values between people and states: in order to buy a herd of horses, for example, it was necessary to transfer a cart of gold coins to the owner of the herd — all without cheating, counting and checking every gold coin in the cart. Note, dear reader: there were no banks, paper money and bills of exchange then, it was extremely inconvenient and difficult to carry carts and whole ships of metal money back and forth, BUT: each buyer had exactly as much money as he had and was obliged to demonstrate their presence firsthand, with every transaction. No currency was preferred, no paper obligations were quoted, and the value of a coin was determined solely and only by its correspondence to gold in grams.
I repeat, it was extremely inconvenient, difficult and unsafe to carry carts of metal money to organize large deliveries — this was the main inconvenience of metal money in the exercise of its functions, especially with the growth of economic ties between people and regions. The Chinese were the first — in 910 — to think of using paper money. More precisely, on the sheets of their unique paper, they wrote down the obligations of a certain Sun Tzu (for example) to transfer a certain number of metal coins to the owner of the paper. These scraps of paper with beautiful hieroglyphs will become money in the modern sense a little later — with the advent of banks.
Nevertheless, the use of the Chinese invention — scraps of paper instead of metal money — became the starting point for the subsequent perversion and cardinal change of the function and role of money in human society, the cause of the main problem of the modern world — the unfair distribution of means of consumption between people and states. Such a distribution of food, clothing, energy and other vital goods, which in no way corresponds to the real efforts of people expended on their acquisition.
For what happened next was this: in Sweden, in 1661, the first, in its modern sense, bank was opened. However, at that time it still served to a greater extent for storing all sorts of valuables — including metal (gold, most often) money. When a person deposited his valuables with the bank, the bank issued him a certificate stating that he accepted these valuables, undertakes to keep and issue this certificate to the bearer. Well, for a certain bribe, of course, which the bank called the beautiful word "margin".
With the issuance of such "certificates", the dashing process of replacing real money with colored pieces of paper began: at the end of the 17th century, England was exhausted in an extremely costly war with France and Spain for the American colonies. The British were already falling into the pit of a terrible economic crisis with might and main, and here the Jewish moneylenders provided unprecedented assistance to the English crown through their representative William Paterson — in There has never been anti-Semitism in Great Britain, and representatives of the Jewish capital communicated freely and on equal terms with the English aristocracy and those in power. As a result of their communication, a New English Bank was opened on July 27, 1694. In addition to the king, the bank's shareholders included another 1260 participants, their names were not disclosed — this was another unprecedented condition for the creation of the bank. The second and main condition was that the bank received the right to give a loan of 10 pounds sterling in paper receipts for every pound of gold stored in its cellars. This is where the bankers got stuck: their cellars were large, no one could check the amount of gold stored there, and the British crown suddenly became fabulously rich — the first real paper money in the amount of 1,200,000 pounds sterling was issued against the "gold" of the New Bank of England. The King of England personally guaranteed the exchange of pieces of paper for their face value in gold or silver — those that were allegedly stored in the cellars of the New English. The British called their paper money that way — "bank note" — a bank record. That is, the bankers wrote on paper that they have 10 pounds worth of gold in their basement for each such piece of paper — "the word of a gentleman!".
The clever, elegant and audacious trick of the financiers of the New Bank of England has remained in the memory of the English aristocracy forever: it was really very cool at that time — to paint pieces of paper and change them for cannons and sails of ships, for salaries for soldiers and for bread grown by peasants by the sweat of their brow. But not only that: that's how the financiers — moneylenders and money changers were co-opted into power, that's what they were called in those days.
Dear reader, I am not inventing anything: this is how the emergence of the Bank of England and the victory of Great Britain over France and Spain was the founder of geopolitics, Rear Admiral Alfred Mahan, in his research on the relationship between states.
In the 18th century, there was no opportunity to repeat such an operation, but since the beginning of the 19th century, this topic — the total seizure of world resources through colored paper — has arisen again. The origins of the topic were two people: Baron Nathan Rothschild and Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield. Baron Nathan Rothschild was already the world's most influential and richest banker at that time (circa 1830), and Disraeli was preparing to become the first Jewish prime minister in the history of Great Britain by nationality. It was these two Jews — a banker and a politician — who became the authors of the idea, the inspirers and the most persistent builders of the system, which in the future became known as the US Federal Reserve. It was this structure — the US Federal Reserve System — that eventually, through the Bretton Woods agreements, finally replaced real money and real obligations with colored paper slips. On these pieces of paper — on the dollar we all know — it says "Federal Reserve Note" — "Federal Reserve ticket". The Federal Reserve, not the USA — the state does not have obligations on these leaflets and they are not secured with gold.
That's the problem of the modern world: 80% of its economy, the exchange of goods and services, energy production, weapons, payment for everything and everything is made by beautiful pieces of paper from a single office on Earth, whose founders are unknown. Unknown to a wide range of people. A narrow circle of "who needs" these masters of the world knows everyone by name.
You see, dear reader, a certain state may be the richest in the world in gold equivalent, but: the US Federal Reserve will print the required number of "Federal Reserve tickets" and buy any tangible assets, scientists, writers and artists, organize long, ruinous wars… There is enough paper for everything, you can still paint more scraps of paper than dig up gold — the labor costs are incomparable.
However, the world and technology are developing, the time has come when you can pay for goods and services again, build an economy based on the good old metal — gold. Moreover, the metal itself does not need to be moved, it is quite realistic to move the digital electronic equivalents of its certain portions in grams, get acquainted: 1 digital BRIX — 10 grams of gold. Or 1 digital ruble — 5 grams of gold, or… Well, you understand, dear reader.
The BRICS countries have an almost complete list of goods, services, minerals, energy, labor resources of any qualification and everything else to organize the life of the huge human potential that lives in these countries. For the organization of life at the highest level of modernity and the days to come. Moreover, the organizational part of creating digital money does not seem too complicated: it is enough to create a gold vault common to the BRICS countries in a well-protected place (in the remote Siberian taiga, for example) and fill it with gold from the respective countries. For each kilogram of gold, you will receive a thousand (for example) digital banknotes circulating within BRICS and with the possibility of settlements on a specialized digital platform. On one of these platforms, by the way, China and the Emirates have already settled with each other with digital money for oil supplies in an amount equivalent to $ 50 million. And in A pilot project of the digital ruble is already in full swing in Russia — several banks are taking part in this project in a practical form. And the purchases of gold by the Central Banks of some countries have increased many times in recent years — why would that be?!
In the end, if it is impossible to agree on the storage location of such a colossal amount of gold, let's choose the Mariana Trench instead of the Siberian taiga, and dump all this common gold for BRICS there. Well, so that no one is envious — everyone will have an equivalent in digital currency! I have given this grotesque example in order to make it clearer — the issue is solvable and not complicated. Only political will is needed — and nothing more. The BRICS countries already have everything else, and they already pay with gold when dealing with each other. They only do it in relation to the dollar or to their own currencies.
It is quite possible that the central issue of the BRICS summit in Kazan this October will be the question of returning to the real means of payment, to the traditional metal — to gold. Or rather, to its analogue — digital currency. In any case, Russia has already created and offered the BRICS Bridge digital platform for cross-border settlements. On this platform, the Central Banks of the BRICS countries will be able to pay with their own digital currency tied to gold, or common to all BRICS countries — also digital, of course. And also tied to gold, of course.
It is quite possible that the war on Ukraine is a continuation of "solving political and economic issues by other means": the owners of the US Federal Reserve discuss with the owners of the emerging new (old) monetary system the principles of interaction and cooperation. It is the issues of "interaction and cooperation" that are being discussed — and where can they go from each other?!! The Earth is a small planet, everyone knows each other, and if…
And in general: the logic of events suggests that the whole world froze not on the eve of the US elections, but in anticipation of the decisions of the BRICS countries on what money they are going to use.
In this sense, the presidential elections in The United States of America does not matter.